What are Hydrators and Moisturizers?
In skincare, hydrators and moisturizers are ingredients that bind water to the skin and support the moisture barrier. When applied, they form layers to seal moisture and prevent transepidermal water loss. This makes the skin appear more plump and hydrated. Without these ingredients, the skin become dehydrated, rendering it sensitive and likely over overproducing oil.
Glycerin
Glycerin is a humectant. It draws moisture from the enviorment and from the dermis to the epidermis. It contains 3 hydroxl groups which bind to water molecules to hydrate. Many cleansers, serums, and moisturizers contain glycerin.
Urea
Urea is a humectant, emollient, and a strengthener of the skins lipid barrier. High concentrations of Urea (>30%) can be used to exfoliate. They break bonds between dead skil cells to promote shedding. It is commonly used in moisturizers and body cleansers.
Shea Butter
Shea butter contains fatty acids which replenish the lipid barrier. It has both antioxidant properties, which generate new cells, and antibacterial properties. It exists in many moisturizers- however its richness can clog pores.
Petrolatum
Petrolatum creates a protective and impermeable barrier on the skin which prevents water from leaving the skin, and seals in moisture. It is found in many lotions and vaseline. It is a great ingredient for dry and flaky skin, but is not reccomended for acne- prone skin.
Squalane
Squalane is an emollient. It provides lightweight oil wich mimick the skins natural oils, as it is not comedogenic. It seals in moisture and strengthens the lipid barrier. It's usually a facial oil and can be used everyday
Dimethicone
Dimethicone is the second most popular moisturizer ingredient in moisturizers- following petrolatum. It minimizes water loss and fills gaps between cells in the epidermis. It is gentle, and found in sunscreens, moisturizers, and lip balms.m